Answer key
Chapter 22 answers
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. A federal district court decides a dispute involving Cedar Bay Nation. A Cedar Bay Nation council separately adopts Resolution 7. Classify each source and explain why their shared subject does not make them the same kind of authority.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
The first item is a federal district-court decision; the second is a resolution issued by Cedar Bay Nation's council. Their shared subject does not change either issuing institution or source type. Cite the federal decision under its court-source conventions and the resolution with the Nation, issuing council, instrument number, date, and relevant provision as supplied. A statement about tribal matters is not automatically tribal law, and an enactment of the invented Nation does not become federal law merely because a federal dispute concerns it.
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Use the real Navajo civil-rule model above. Explain why Nav. R. Civ. P. is appropriate and why replacing it with Fed. R. Civ. P. would identify a different source.
The official Navajo rules specify Nav. R. Civ. P. as their citation form. Nav. R. Civ. P. 1 therefore identifies the source actually examined. Fed. R. Civ. P. identifies the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a different rule system. Similar language or numbering does not make those sources interchangeable. The chapter's verification concerns the published naming instruction; it does not imply that a complete later amendment history was checked.
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. Apply the supplied Cedar Bay instruction and metadata from the worked session to build a first-reference case citation at paragraph 18. Do not invent a Federal Reporter citation.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
Vale v. Cedar Bay Nation Records Office, 2025 CBN 4, ¶ 18. This follows the packet's first-reference requirement to preserve the complete Nation name, local neutral identifier, and paragraph locator. The source card should also retain the supplied court and June 6, 2025 decision date. Additional court/date display is acceptable if clearly explained and consistent with the receiving instruction. A Federal Reporter volume or page cannot be added because the packet supplies neither and identifies a different citation system.
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. Repair: “State law requires every tribal office to give notice.” Use only the worked session's supplied opinion and code description, and preserve their limited scope.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
A supported revision is: The Cedar Bay Nation Supreme Court found that its Records Office failed to follow the notice step required by Cedar Bay Nation Records Code § 12(b). Cite the supplied opinion at paragraph 18. This identifies the specific Nation, institution, office, and provision. It avoids calling the source state law and does not extend the result to every tribal office. The packet supplies no basis for a universal rule across actual or fictional Indigenous legal systems.
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Use the Cherokee constitutional model above. Identify the judicial article and section, and distinguish the government's stated 1999 drafting date from its 2003 ratification date. Explain why a PDF upload date cannot replace either historical fact.
The model identifies Cherokee Nation Const. art. VIII, § 1 as the judicial provision. The accompanying official history page describes drafting in 1999 and ratification in 2003. Those are distinct historical events. A later PDF creation or upload date concerns the digital copy and does not replace either event. Keep the dates and their meanings separate; do not choose a constitutional adoption year from a filename without examining the official source's explanation.
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. Cedar Bay Nation Council Resolution 7, entitled Records Access, was adopted April 8, 2025. Section 2 is relevant. No abbreviated form is supplied. Build a clear descriptive citation preserving the complete issuing body, instrument, title, date, and locator.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
Cedar Bay Nation Council Resolution 7, Records Access, § 2 (Apr. 8, 2025). This descriptive form preserves the full issuing body, instrument number, title, locator, and adoption date. Other clear arrangements are acceptable because the packet supplies no mandatory abbreviated form. Do not shorten the Nation's name through an invented abbreviation or add a code placement that has not been supplied. The citation identifies the resolution as a resolution rather than silently converting it into a codified provision.
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. A journal style requires an additional parallel display, while Cedar Bay's supplied court instruction requires only its local neutral form. Explain why the journal's instruction should not be treated as an unstated additional requirement for a filing in Cedar Bay's court.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
The instructions govern different documents. The journal's extra parallel display is an editorial requirement for that journal manuscript. Cedar Bay's supplied court instruction governs the fictional filing and requires its local neutral form. An academic convention does not automatically add a filing requirement that the court has not supplied. Preserve the source metadata so each display can be generated correctly, and document which receiving instruction controlled each version.
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. A federal archive holds a scan of a Cedar Bay Nation enactment. The finding aid gives both the Nation's authorship and the federal repository location. Explain how to preserve both without describing the enactment as a federal statute.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
Identify Cedar Bay Nation as the enactment's creator or issuing sovereign, then identify the federal archive as the custodian of the inspected copy. Include the item, collection, and repository identifiers necessary for retrieval. Custody in a federal archive does not transform the enactment into a federal statute. If the proposition concerns historical text, identify the particular archival version; if it concerns current law, obtain the applicable current enactment and amendment information separately.
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Fictional training example — not legal authority. A public catalog describes an oral-history recording but says access to the recording is restricted. You have read only the catalog description. Write a source note that accurately describes what was inspected and avoids inventing the recording's contents or implying permission to publish it.
Fictional training example — not legal authority.
A truthful note states that only the public catalog description was inspected, identifies that description and its locator, and records that the recording itself is restricted and was not heard. Any factual statement should be limited to what the catalog actually reports. Do not invent quotations or conclusions from the recording, imply firsthand listening, or treat a catalog citation as permission to publish the recording. The access limitation concerns a specific source and does not justify filling its contents by inference.
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